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KULA TARİHÇESİ   

Kula Manisa ilinin bir ilçesi ve bu ilçenin merkezi olan kasabadır. 2009 yılı nüfus sayımı itibariyle merkez kasaba nüfusu 24.241 ve tüm ilçe nüfusu 47.521'dir. İlçe alanı 918 km2'dir. Kasabanın rakımı 720 metredir. Kula mimari, etnografik, arkeolojik, tarihi ve görsel değerleri ile Ege’nin ilçelerinden biridir. Bölgede yapılan kazılarda Katekekaumene (Yanık yöre) sınırı içinde Demir Köprü barajı yakınındaki Divlit’te ilkel insanın ayak izlerine rastlanılmıştır. Bunun yanı sıra yapılan kazılarda M.Ö. 56 yılına ait mermer kabartma ve kitabelerden Kula ve çevresinin önemli bir yerleşim alanı olduğu ortaya çıkmaktadır. Eski dönemlerde Kula’nın civarında kurulmuş bulunan Meonya (Menye) Mysien ve Lidya arasında bir yerleşim alanı idi ve buradan geçen yol Sardes-Salihli’den başlar ve Menye-Sandal-Gölde üzerinden geçerdi. Kula’daki yerleşim zamanla civarındaki yerleşim alanlarının önemini yitirmesi sonucunda gelişmiştir. Kula’nın ismini burç manasında olan KULE’den almış olduğu belgelerden anlaşılmaktadır. Kula’nın ismi hakkında pek çok araştırmacı inceleme yaptıkları halde kesin bir sonuca varılamamıştır.Bir söylentiye göre de havası suyu iyi ve şifalı olduğundan zengin bir kişinin hasta olan kızı için buraya bir kule yaptırdığı ve buranın zamanla gelişip bu günkü duruma geldiğinden bahsedilir. Kula’nın Bizanslıların elinde iken ismi Opsikion’dur.Bunu Kula’nın 20 km batısındaki Maionia (menye) ile beraber bir piskoposluk teşkil etmesinden anlıyoruz. Kula’nın Türkler eline geçmesi 107l Malazgirt savaşından sonra 11. yüzyılın II yarısında 1075-1076 Türkmen aşiretlerinin Kula ve çevresine kadar kısa zamanda yayıldıkları görülmüştür. Anadolu Selçuklu Hükümdarı Alaettin Keykubat zamanında Kula ve çevresi tamamen Türklerin eline geçmiştir. 1233 Kula, Anadolu beylikleri zamanında Germiyanoğulları beyliğine bağlı olan Kula Germiyan beyi Süleyman Şah’ın kızı Devlet Hatun’un 1381 tarihinde Osmanlı padişahı I. Murat’ın oğlu Yıldırım Beyazıt ile evlenmesi sırasında beyliğe ait Kütahya ve civarını çeyiz olarak Osmanlılara vermesi sonucunda Süleyman Şah’ın Kula’ya çekilerek burayı başkent yaptığı ve burada yaşadığı, Süleyman şah zamanında Kula’da imar ve kültürel faaliyetlerin arttığı gözlenmektedir. Bunlar arasında Gürhane medresesi gösterilebilir. Süleyman Şah’ın ölümünden sonra Osmanlıların idaresine giren Kula 1402 yılında Timur tarafından Anadolu Beyliklerinin eski topraklarının kendilerine verilmesi neticesinde Kula Germiyanoğulları beyliğine geçmiş ise de bir müddet sonra Germiyanoğlu beyi Yakup Bey’in 1428 yılında ölümünden sonra Osmanlıların idaresine yeniden geçmiş ve Kütahya İlinin bir kazası olarak Osmanlı idaresine katılmıştır. 1896 yılına kadar Kütahya’ya bağlı kalmış ve bu tarihten sonra Manisa’ya bağlanmıştır.
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